Jimmy Carter Essays (306 words) - Jimmy Carter,

Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter Economy can always make or break a president. President Jimmy Carter's was a Democrat whose administration, that lasted from 1977-1981, was burdened with a recessive economy from the beginning. Inflation was rising rapidly due to the worst oil embargo United States history has ever witnessed. All of these factors contributed to the national malaise sweeping over Americans. It was Carter's administration that began the process of deregulation and bureaucratic streamlining in hopes of courting moderate factions. He also expressed a desire to move the Democratic Party close to political middle ground to lessen the great divide. President Carter had many failures as well as attributes when it came to foreign policy. On November 4, 1979, in the United States Embassy in Iran, 52 Americans were seized by students who were angry with the Carter administration for allowing Iran's deposed shah into the United States to seek medical treatment. Carter's failure to negotiate their release and a devastating rescue attempt (in which eight United States Marines died) contributed to the nation's waning confidence in him. As well as the Iran hostage crisis, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan seemed to overwhelm his last two years of his administration, conveying an impression of the United States as weak and feeble. At the cornerstone of his foreign achievements was the accord Carter brokered between Prime Minister Menachem of Israel and President Anwar Sadat, of Egypt, that became known as the Camp David Accords of 1979. Another recognized achievement in foreign affairs was the signing of the Panama Canal Treaty in 1978. Though faced with an unstable economy, Carter succeeded in many other tasks. He managed to become an avid supporter of global peace and human rights. He raised $27 million to build The Carter Center, which envisioned ?conflict resolution? which promoted global peace and human rights.

Writing Business Letters

Writing Business Letters Writing business letters is an art that very few people take the time to master today. For those who dedicate time towards learning the proper format and style of writing business letters, they’ll find that they’ve gained a very distinct advantage over those who haven’t. A business letter is often the first impression, so take the opportunity to do it right. Spend time fixing the wording and print the letter on high-quality paper. Master the techniques and points of writing business letters and you’ll never have to wonder how you came across in your initial contact with the individual. Before you begin writing business letters, try to research and find out as much as possible about the audience that you are writing to. Business letters can range from an extremely formal style of writing to a more casual mode. Knowing which to use will go a long way in gaining the interest of the recipient of the letter. No matter which style of writing you decide to use when writing business letters, there are certain rules that need to be followed. When writing business letters, you should always use your computer. They should never be written by hand. Begin by choosing the format in writing business letters. The most commonly used format is the block format. This requires left justifying the whole letter using single spacing with a double space between paragraphs. Next choose the font. In writing business letters, one may not think the font is all that important but it can make a big difference. Again, the type of company you are directing your business letter to will play a role in the font you choose. Traditional companies lean towards the more conservative font styles while others may allow for more creativity. Either way, your letter should always be easy to read. Some fonts are very creative looking and make for an interesting looking page but are difficult to read. If it’s too difficult then your letter may not get read. Keep in mind that you are writing business letters for the audience not for yourself. Read what you have selected and ask yourself if you’d have any trouble reading this. In writing business letters, remember that it’s a much more formal looking document than personal letters. The margin should be at least an inch on all four sides. Begin with the heading, which contains the return address then a date line with a space between the two. Skip another line after the date and write out the inside address. If you’re writing a business letter then most likely this is an important document that you truly need to have delivered correctly. The inclusion of an inside address on a business letter ensures the delivery to the correct person or department should the address on the outside of the envelope become damaged in some way. Skip another line after the inside address and type in the salutation. The greeting, when writing business letters, is always formal. It typically begins with â€Å"Dear† and includes the person’s full name and title. Skip another line after the salutation and you’re ready to begin writing the body of t he letter. The most important part of writing business letters is the body of the letter. Excellent grammar and spelling is a must to make a good impression on the reader. The information you are conveying here must be concise and to the point. The whole purpose of writing business letters is to get a point across or to request something. In doing these things, you need to have a good handle on proper grammar and English choices to make your statement as quickly and succinctly as possible. This is not the time to use flowery creative words and draw out your sentences. Do not attempt to show off your vocabulary skills. Be professional but yet clear on the subject. Again skip another line before your closing. Use a short but polite closing in writing business letters and skip two lines before typing in your full name. This allows a space for your handwritten signature. Follow these tips when writing business letters and you’ll find that this will set you apart from most people who haven’t taken the time to really study how writing business letters should be. Incoming search terms: what types of fonts and paragraph spacing would you use in a business letter What types of fonts and paragraph spacing would you use in a business letter? proper font for business letter business letter font What types of fonts would you use in a business letter formal letter font proper business letter spacing format What types of fonts and paragraph spcing would you sue in a business letter what type of font and spacing is used in business letter what font should i use for a business letter

Free Essays on Trying To Fit In

Adapting to a new country is really hard. You need to learn the new country’s language and culture in order to integrate into its citizenship. In the essay â€Å"The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl,† Elizabeth Wong describes her tough experience of trying to fit in while her mother is trying to remind her that she has Chinese roots and she should not forget about them. For example, she is forced to go to a Chinese school in order to learn her family’s language. However, she does not believe Chinese is the language that is going to help her to fit in the crowd. Besides, people at Chinatown always congratulate her for being a young lady who speaks English. This, gave her more enthusiasm to become an â€Å"All-American Girl†. At last, she finally reaches her main goal by being allowed to stop attending the Chinese school, however, she still not happy. Although my experience did not involve attending any school, I had a similar experience that relates to the author’s. When I was a child my mom would buy me as many books as she could so I would not forget to speak Spanish. First, Wong says that she is forced by her mother to do things that she did not want to do, â€Å"everyday at 5 p.m. instead of playing with friends, [her] brother and [she] [had] to go to a Chinese school†(114). As the author I was also lectured by my mother every time she had an opportunity to do it. I must admit that it was really hard for her to keep me on track due to the fact that at school I did not use the language. Moreover, I did not believe I needed to learn Spanish because we were in America. Likewise, Wong believes that Chinese is not the language she needs in order to succeed, â€Å"Nancy Drew, [her] favorite book heroine, never spoke Chinese† (115). Diaz 2 Unlike the author, I remember I used to argue with my parents about why it was so important to them that I learn Spanish. In fact, I remember my parents telling me that just because I liv... Free Essays on Trying To Fit In Free Essays on Trying To Fit In Adapting to a new country is really hard. You need to learn the new country’s language and culture in order to integrate into its citizenship. In the essay â€Å"The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl,† Elizabeth Wong describes her tough experience of trying to fit in while her mother is trying to remind her that she has Chinese roots and she should not forget about them. For example, she is forced to go to a Chinese school in order to learn her family’s language. However, she does not believe Chinese is the language that is going to help her to fit in the crowd. Besides, people at Chinatown always congratulate her for being a young lady who speaks English. This, gave her more enthusiasm to become an â€Å"All-American Girl†. At last, she finally reaches her main goal by being allowed to stop attending the Chinese school, however, she still not happy. Although my experience did not involve attending any school, I had a similar experience that relates to the author’s. When I was a child my mom would buy me as many books as she could so I would not forget to speak Spanish. First, Wong says that she is forced by her mother to do things that she did not want to do, â€Å"everyday at 5 p.m. instead of playing with friends, [her] brother and [she] [had] to go to a Chinese school†(114). As the author I was also lectured by my mother every time she had an opportunity to do it. I must admit that it was really hard for her to keep me on track due to the fact that at school I did not use the language. Moreover, I did not believe I needed to learn Spanish because we were in America. Likewise, Wong believes that Chinese is not the language she needs in order to succeed, â€Å"Nancy Drew, [her] favorite book heroine, never spoke Chinese† (115). Diaz 2 Unlike the author, I remember I used to argue with my parents about why it was so important to them that I learn Spanish. In fact, I remember my parents telling me that just because I liv...

Free Essays on A Definition Of Religion

The word religion comes from the Latin word Religio. In our society it means believing in a higher power. This higher power is usually a God and people are taught how this God came to be. When one believes in a God there are set ways of worship and a moral code that is lived by. Not every religion has a God and sometimes there are many God’s or in some instances there is no God. In any case this general definition does not do justice to all the religions because of the different beliefs that each religion has. There are many aspects to religion like animism, magic, divination, taboos, totems, sacrifice, myth, rituals, rites of passage, and ancestor veneration. Not every religion has all of these but a combination of them. Animism is the belief that everything around has spirit. Magic has many definitions but for the use of religion it is the belief that performing certain formulas, dances, and or incantations correctly one can change the course of nature. Divination is the belief where a priest or a prophet tells of the future to be. Taboo is a belief where people observe rules pertaining to their religion, like Hindus don’t eat the flesh of cattle. Totems are symbols that resemble a certain religion, clan, nation, or a group of people. Sacrifice is a very common practice throughout most religions, it entails giving something to the gods so that they may either be kept happy or for the simple reason of bringing the community and the gods closer together. Myth is one way of explainin g the way things came to be in the world; usually myths are passed on from previous generations. Rituals are usually re enactments of myths. They are ceremonies that are performed every day, several times a day, weekly, and or annually. The rites of passage are transitional points in ones life, the most prominent one being the passage from childhood to adulthood. Ancestor veneration is where people celebrate or remember their deceased family members. ... Free Essays on A Definition Of Religion Free Essays on A Definition Of Religion The word religion comes from the Latin word Religio. In our society it means believing in a higher power. This higher power is usually a God and people are taught how this God came to be. When one believes in a God there are set ways of worship and a moral code that is lived by. Not every religion has a God and sometimes there are many God’s or in some instances there is no God. In any case this general definition does not do justice to all the religions because of the different beliefs that each religion has. There are many aspects to religion like animism, magic, divination, taboos, totems, sacrifice, myth, rituals, rites of passage, and ancestor veneration. Not every religion has all of these but a combination of them. Animism is the belief that everything around has spirit. Magic has many definitions but for the use of religion it is the belief that performing certain formulas, dances, and or incantations correctly one can change the course of nature. Divination is the belief where a priest or a prophet tells of the future to be. Taboo is a belief where people observe rules pertaining to their religion, like Hindus don’t eat the flesh of cattle. Totems are symbols that resemble a certain religion, clan, nation, or a group of people. Sacrifice is a very common practice throughout most religions, it entails giving something to the gods so that they may either be kept happy or for the simple reason of bringing the community and the gods closer together. Myth is one way of explaini ng the way things came to be in the world; usually myths are passed on from previous generations. Rituals are usually re enactments of myths. They are ceremonies that are performed every day, several times a day, weekly, and or annually. The rites of passage are transitional points in ones life, the most prominent one being the passage from childhood to adulthood. Ancestor veneration is where people celebrate or remember their deceased family members. ...

Lines Written a few miles above Tintern Abbey Essay

Lines Written a few miles above Tintern Abbey - Essay Example Characteristics of the genre identified by Welleck (2003) include a â€Å"revolt against the principles of neo-classicism criticism, the rediscovery of older English literature, the turn toward subjectivity and the worship of external nature slowly prepared during the eighteenth century and stated boldly in Wordsworth and Shelley† (196). The period idolized the imagination as the highest of human capacities due largely in part to its creative abilities and as a means of reacting to sweeping change in every aspect of life. It also esteemed nature not only because of the creative element inherent in it, but also because of the manifestation of the imagination that could be found within it in the sense that we create what we see. The world was full of symbols and signs that would portend future events and actions which were knowable through their relationship to the myths and legends of antiquity. The work of William Wordsworth epitomizes this period in the style and content of h is writing as is seen in his poem â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey† (â€Å"Tintern Abbey†). The poem is structured in what is termed free verse and relates the thoughts and impressions of the poet as he revisits a place in the country he once knew quite well. In the poem, Wordsworth describes his impressions of returning to Tintern Abbey after a five year absence. Although his life has changed a great deal in the intervening years, he continues to point to areas in which nature demonstrates her constancy, such as in the flowing of the Wye and the presence of the old abbey. Wordsworth uses nature to establish a connection between himself and his understanding by using the ‘language of the senses’ to stabilize his thoughts. This language specifically names the objects seen in nature, therefore rendering it understandable by those who are not male, not educated and not fully

British Motor Industry and Government Strategy Essay

British Motor Industry and Government Strategy - Essay Example Usually they are classified as Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers etc., where Tier 1 represents the highest level of components such as the engines and the powertrains. At the assembler level, there used to only a handful of big players from countries such as the US, Japan and a few from the European Union (EU) countries. This situation, however, has now changed with many Eastern Europe countries and Asian countries such as China and India entering the automobile industry. The output side of the assemblers, also called "post-manufacturing" or "downstream", consists of distributors, dealers and the service and repair shops. This level accounts for a significant volume of employment, where in UK alone, about 73% of the employees in the automotive industry come from the automotive supply and distribution chains. This is out of an approximate total of 780,000 employees (Parker & McGinity 4). The world automotive industry has gone through several ups and downs from its inception to present. From the 1950s where the United States dominated with a 100% market share amongst the 3 giants General Motors (GM), Ford and Chrysler, it changed to a position where US lost its share to 52% while Japan cemented her place with a 43% share by 2005 (BBC "The Car Industry"). Since the beginning of this decade, the industry has seen the emergence of several new players predominantly from China and India and some Eastern Europe countries. The demand for energy efficient vehicles has gone up rapidly in the recent past and this has forced many auto manufacturers to invest time and money in more environment-friendly technologies. Context of Five Forces In analysing the present global trends, The Five Forces Theory (Porter 1979) offers sound criteria for an encompassing environment study. Rivalry among competitors Competition in the global auto industry has intensified with many new players entering the market. In fact, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EFILWC) states "global competition" as one of four main drivers of change for the European auto industry (5). There is stiff competition coming from the new Asian manufacturers, led from China. For example, "In North America, domestic automakers have seen a steady decline in their share of the market. In the ten months to October 2004, the market share of Asian-owned carmakers in the US rose to a record 34.5%" (Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada 5). Threat of new entrants The new entrants are again primarily from Asia with China and India in the forefront. Automakers such as the Chinese FAW, Chana and the Indian Tata and Maruti are fast catching the markets, especially in the Asian region. Their makes of small cars with high fuel efficiency are particularly appealing given the present situation in the world oil market. Threat of substitutes Sky rocketing fuel costs can push the customers more in to public transport with a direct consequence of shrinking the demand for personal automobiles. The car and SUV markets can get hard hit by this. There is speculation

8 Nov 1942 Northwest Africa Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

8 Nov 1942 Northwest Africa - Assignment Example The Allies were the first immigrants from the United States to settle in North Africa. The Axis was a combination of forces, which were against the allies for instance Italy and Germany. It began as early as July 1942 when the Allies agreed on a proposal that it was very illogical for small-scale operations to take over the Northern France region. However, in the agreement, it was clear that landings must secure Vichy territories in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia to enable them spread their influence over the Western Desert. In this sense, the Mediterranean would be free to all Allies to ship goods through Cape of Good Hope. On November 8, 1942, the Allies, due to fear made a quick attempt to take over Tunisia. They were certain the Axis would be rivals if they heard of the Torch landings. The Operation Torch landing and the frequent battles, which were against the Vichy forces made it easy for the Allies to get hold of the Axis forces and forcing them to surrender. This kind of battle happened in Tunisia the same period when North African Campaign took place. it was a battle dominated by the German and Italian forces which made use of weapons like the German Tiger which was among the 501 heavy tanks to be used in this battles. However, its success drew most of the support from the Allies who had a large soldier force and advanced weaponry. Alternatively, it referred to as the Desert war. It was the first campaign to occur and thus gave birth to the North Africa Campaign. This campaign drew its strength from the massive supply of both weaponry, soldiers and food. The Allies used this as a chance to capture the Axis thus making the Germans desperate. For instance, Erwin Rommel, a German commander had a rough time since all the fuel and other support links were disconnected. By the beginning of 1942, the U.S. Air Force Army had began building bombers and fighters just to support the campaign which it later referred to

Autism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Autism - Research Paper Example From the research in this paper, it would be shown that indeed, parents play a critical role in ensuring that autistic children become manageable. Introduction Autism refers to a core disorder among the pervasive developmental disorders which evidences before age 3. The National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH describes autism as a syndrome rather than disease and also as a developmental disorder, hence its influence on growth and development aspects. This has been attributed to genetic factors, environmental causes and brain injury. It has been acknowledged as a dimension and conceived as a spectrum that causes children to have varied degrees of complications in communication, lack of imagination, exhibition of repetitive behaviors and difficulty in social interaction. The constantly revised prevalence of autism ranges between five to sixty cases for every 10,000 children aged 18 and below without the consideration of less severe forms of the disorder such as pervasive developmenta l disorders and Asperger’s disorder (Altiere and Kluge 83). McConachie and Diggle (120) cite the male to female ratio of prevalence at 4.8:1. Any chronic illness presents serious challenges to the individual and the individual’s family at large. But autism has been considered among the most challenging to manage of these disorders with various scholars citing varied challenging traits exhibited by autistic children making it difficult to offer appropriate care like that given to normal children. According to Altiere and Kluge (83), autism would be characterized by communication impairment, self-destructive and aggressive behaviors and low social functioning. In addition to language problems among such children, there would also be troublesome symptoms which include inappropriate public behavior, tantrums and self destructive behaviors. Autistic children present stressors and unique challenges to the parents due to the ambiguity in diagnosis, lack of adherence to the no rms of the society and the long duration and severity of the disorder (Altiere and Kluge 83). In as much as autism symptoms would be exhibited in early childhood, it takes long before appropriate diagnosis would be done. The process of diagnosis would normally be complicated especially when a biological marker misses, encountering such problems among medical practitioners becomes infrequent and due to the normal variations that exist in child development. Even with the diagnosis of autism, the problem of unavailability of treatment persists. Most children would be diagnosed as retarded hence the administration of the wrong approach to treatment (Kogan et al. 1398). The public knows little on autism hence the hostility and insensitivity from the public on parents of autistic children who behave inappropriately in public. The prognosis of autism has also been noted to be limited. Therefore, the important role that parents being part of the family unit would play in ensuring that autis tic conditions in their children become manageable to a larger extent should be appreciated. Even though majority of studies have focused on mother-autistic child relationship, fathers too have a parental role to play in managing autistic children. The involvement of both parents in the care of the autistic

The USA Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The USA Foreign Policy - Essay Example According to Chomsky, an object of preventive attack should meet following requirements: 1. Should be practically defenseless. 2. Should be significant enough to unleash a conflict. 3. There should be an opportunity to represent it as an embodiment of real threat for safety. Iraq met all these parameters. First two requirements were obvious, and the third one was easily achievable. 5. What were the consequences of the "Open Door" policy for Venezuela In the book Noam Chomsky writes, that the "Open Door" policy and free trade has been formulated in format of exert pressure upon Venezuela in order not to allow any partner relations with the Great Britain, thus continuing to defend and strengthen the right of the USA to oil development in the Near East. By 1928 Venezuela has become one of the main exporters of oil, and all oil-fields have been supervised by the American companies. Such policy has led to that by 2003 Venezuela represented the country with record parameters of poverty of the population, and its potential and resources have been directed for the sake of interests of foreign investors, instead of own citizens. 6. What are the main purposes of the government of the USA according to Chomsky Chomsky states that the Government of the USA tries to take advantage of a situation to promote in realization of its own purposes: militarization, including militarization of space, a code name of which is "anti-missile defense"; reduction of social democratic programs; veiling of negative consequences of "corporate globalization", polemics concerning the state of environment, health insurance, etc.;... Economic rise in China became one of the most important events in the world in the end of the last century. For last two decades the Chinese economy has increased five times, and incomes of the population twice. The total national product of this country has reached the American level, and by estimation of World Bank, in 2010 will come out on top in the world. The base of economic successes of China was the carried out in 1980 and 1990th years reforms. Reforms have released peasants and have allowed creating private enterprises. There was a transition of China to a market economy. Modernization of the country was promoted by the Confucian ethics of Chineses including respect for the seniors, to family values, a habit to diligent work. In case the present management of China will manage to prepare the successors interested in carrying out of market reforms and transformation of communistic order, China has real opportunities to achieve essential successes in the business of modernization of the country. By its sizes, population, which has reached almost 1300 million people, gaining in strength economy, and a huge thirst for knowledge and ancient culture, this Asian state has all the bases to be considered as a potential superpower of XXI century. We can hardly reckon that in the foreseeable future China will become the democratic state and will be practicing the western values. Most likely, the transformation of communistic society will lead to a reorientation of an authoritative regime, in which basis will lay nationalism and Confucian values.

Songs and Poetry Essay Example for Free

Songs and Poetry Essay Develop a kit which contains the following : * One song ( of a duration of 3 – 5 minutes ) and one poem ; * For the song, you may either retain an established tune and create your own original lyrics or create your own tune as well as original lyrics ; * Your song and poem must meet the requirements of the syllabus and the curriculum standards of the primary ESL Classroom; * Provide a brief rationale/justification for your selection. * One lesson plan for a duration of 60 minutes for each of the selected song and poem. * Your lesson plan should include worksheets, task sheets, etc. All teaching aids are to be submitted together with the lesson plan. Your kid will be assessed on the following criteria : * Suitability of the song and poem selected in relation to the lesson planned; * Originality and creativity of teaching ideas / activities designed; * Evidence of a gradation of activities that lead to successful learning of the intended learning outcomes; * Appropriate and a variety of teaching materials. You may present your kit in the following ways : * In booklet form ; * In a ring file with clear separator; * Any other presentations which you deem to be effective and attractive. Justification / rationale for the selection of song . Song: Old Pak Karim Had A Farm ( Adapted from Old Macdonald Had A Farm ) Genre: Nursery Rhymes * Age * The song is suitable with the targeted group, year 3 KSSR because it contains a little vocabulary and the students are familiar with the words used in the song. For an example, cow, duck and pig. * Content * Teacher should choose a poem that encourage and motivates the students. So I personally belief that the song that I have chose will motivate and  engage the students in the lesson as it focuses on different types of animals and the sounds they make. * Proficiency level * The rationale of choosing this song to be taught to a Year 3 students is also because of their proficiency level. At this primary level, I feel that the students are not exposed to difficult vocabularies but to only certain comprehensible words. So, this important element fulfills the choice of my song that is ‘’Old Pak karim’’ because it contains simple words . Not only that, the rhythm and the tempo of the song is also on par with the students’ proficiency level. It does not have a fast tempo and complicated music which will bore the students. * Interest * The song that I have designed for the Year 3 KSSR students, develops motivation among the students, develop imagination among them about animal, stimulates curiosity, draw on personal experience. I belief that when a teacher proposes the students with a stimulus that the students have experienced before, it will make them to indulge in that particular lesson because it is something of their interest. Directly this song will encourage active participation among the students, and create desire to continue learning. * Culture * This song will create a phenomena to expose the students whom are from urban areas and had never seen farm animals such as cows, pigs and so on. By using this song, teacher will be able to expose the students with a farmer’s lifestyle and their culture. He/ she may explain the daily routine of a farmer or different types of animals that can be found in a farm. * Resources * This song can be easily found in the internet and teachers could simply download the song and have an interesting lesson in the classroom. Lesson plan Date | 21st March 2013| Time| 10. 00 – 11. 00 am| Class | Year 1| Number of students| 25 students | Students’ level| Mixed ability class| Theme| World of Knowledge| Topic| Animals and the sounds they make. | Focused / Main skill| Language Arts | Integrated skills| Listening, speaking and writing | Curriculum Specification| 1. 1. 3 Able to listen to, say aloud and recite rhymes or sing songs with guidance. 1. 1. 4 Able to talk about a stimulus with guidance3. 1. 1 Able to demonstrate fine motor control of hands and fingers by : ( a ) handling objects and manipulating them. 4. 1. 1 Able to enjoy nursery rhymes, jazz chants and action song through non-verbal response. 4. 1. 2 Able to recite nursery rhymes, jazz chants and sing action songs with correct pronunciation and rhythm. 4. 3. 1 Able to produce simple creative works with guidance based on : ( a ) nursery rhymes 4. 3. 2 Able to take part with guidance in a performance based on : ( a ) nursery rhymes | General objective| To expose students with different types of animals and the sounds they make. | Specific Objectives| By the end of the lesson, students should be able to : 1. Listen to the song and take part in an oral activity with 100 % accuracy. 2. Enjoy and sing the song with 100 % accurate pronunciation. 3. Follow the actions and movements. 4. Create a simple creative work, face mask according to their characters they are appointed to. | CCTS| None| Grammar| Verbs | Vocabulary| Cluck, oink, quack, woof , moo| Teaching aids| 1. Pictures of different types of animals. 2. White board 3. Song clip 4. Speakers 5. Computer 6. Manila cards 7. Marker pens 8. String | Moral values| Love the animals. Cooperation. Group work. Sharing. | Previous knowledge | Students are exposed to several types of animals and they have been taught to do animal masks. | Stage / Time| Content| Teaching Learning activities| Remarks / Rationale| Set induction( +- 5 minutes ) | Talking about oneself. | 1. Teacher gets into the class and capture the students’ attention by asking them few question about themselves. Ex : Hello students, how are you all feeling today? * Do you have any pets at your house ? * Can you name some of the farm animals that you know. 2. After having the students to respond, teacher proceed to the next stage of the lesson. | Rationale The rationale for having a two way interaction during a set induction is to ensure that the students are ready physically and mentally. Having a two way communication will give a room for the students to speak out about themselves and motivates them to learn the lesson that has been designed for them for that particular day. | Pre stage ( +- 10 minutes ) | Introduction of a character. Different animals. | 1. Teacher paste a male character on the board and introduce him briefly to the students ( Refer to appendix 1 ) 2. Next teacher pastes pictures of various animals on the board. ( Refer to appendix 2 ) 3. The teacher points out few students and get them to name the animals that has been pasted earlier. 4. Then, the teacher asks the students to make the sounds that the animals make. 5. Teacher observes the students’ participation in the classroom. | Remarks-Now let me introduce Pak Karim. He has few animals with him. | While stage ( +- 20 minutes )| Listening comprehension -Cow, Duck, Chicken, Pig, Dog. | 1. Teacher plays a song clip ( Refer to appendix 3 ) and requires the students to watch and listen to him/ her. 2. Next, teacher plays the song clip and the students will have to sing the song along with the teacher. 3. Then, the teacher plays the song again and this time with few movements and actions that is suitable with the animals. 4. Students mimic the actions and the movements done by the teacher and moves around the classroom to do the actions and movements together with the sound clip. 5. Once the song has been sung, teacher ask few WH- question to the students. Ex : what is the sound made by a dog? * What is the sound that a cow makes? * Oink, oink,oink is made by which animal? 6. Teacher calls out few students, one at a time and ask them to make sound and actions of certain animals that they have learnt earlier. 7. Energetic performance will be rewarded with claps. | Rationale -This is to ensure that the students have listen and comprehended the song well. -Claps are considered as a positive reinforcement for the students which will encourage and motivate them to stay active and participate in the lesson. | Post stage ( +- 20 Minutes )| Language arts | 1. Teacher divides the students into 5 groups and appoint them to the animal characters that is involved in the song entitled â€Å" Old Pak karim Had A Farm†. 2. Each group must have 1 beginner, 2 intermediate and 2 advanced students. 3. Teacher distributes 5 pieces of A4 sized manila cards, strings and few marker pens to each groups. 4. Once the teacher is done with the distribution, she / he will have to give a clear instruction on what has to be done by the students. 5. Teacher walk around the classroom from one group to another to monitor the group activity. 6. After 15 minutes, teacher ask the students to wear the mask that they have created and get them to make the sound of the animals by pointing to one group to another. 7. Then the teacher proceeds to the next stage of the lesson. | RemarksThe students will have to share some of the materials among the group members. This will indirectly teach them how to be tolerant and to work in a group. | Closure( +- 5 Minutes ) | Let’s sing along | 1. Teacher asks the students whether they are ready to sing a song. 2. Teacher ask the students to stand up and sing along the song with the teacher. 3. Each groups will have to make sound when their respective characters appears in the song. 4. Teacher ends the lesson by instilling moral values among the students. Ex :- You should always love the animals. * You should not torture or kill them. | RemarksThe students sing the song together with the masks that they have designed and created. | Appendix 1 Old Pak Karim Appendix 2 Pictures of different animals . Rationale / Justification for the selection of the poem. * Age * This poem is suitable with the targeted group which is Year 3 students. Not only that, I belief that this poem can be proposed to the students because the students will be able to comprehend its content. Adding to that, students of this age will enjoy this poem because its a narrative poem which tells a story on a trip to a Zoo and revolves around animals. * Content * I feel that the content of this poem will engage the students and they will enjoy it because it is a narrative poem which narrates a trip to the zoo. So, directly it will provide a room for the students to develop their imagination regarding the topic. Not only that, the author has used simple language; students will not face difficulties in understanding this poem. Adding to that, this poem contains only 6 stanzas with four lines each. So the length of the poem will not bore the students and it is evident that students will be bored and demotivated if they are given a epic or long poem in this young age. Because, at this point of age, students will be looking forward for poems which is short in length but a quality one. The content of the poem revolves around a theme in the curriculum which is world of knowledge and it is applicable to Year 3 students as it gives information and students gain new knowledge from it. * Proficiency level * This poem is suitable with the students proficiency level. They will be able to digest and understand the meaning that is conveyed in the poem by the author. Not only that, students of this age will be able to appreciate this poem and will be able to take part in the activities that is done by teacher using this poem. * Interest * Not only that, according to Hickman ( 2003 ) illustration, color, format, length and type of print can also influence children’s choice. â€Å"A trip to the zoo† could definitely influence and capture the students attention because of the illustration at the bottom of the poem. The illustrations are colourful and mind captivating. * Values * Apart from teaching the students with different animals that can be found in the zoo, teachers could instill moral values among the students through this poem. Teachers can list out and teach the students with several good values that need to be practiced by every human beings in the world such as love the animals, animals are humans best friend and so on. So using this poem teachers could mould the students into betterment. Lesson plan Date | 21st March 2013 | Time| 10. 00 – 11. 00 am| Class | Year 3| Number of students| 25 students | Students’ level| Mixed ability class| Theme| World of Knowledge| Topic| A Trip To The Zoo| Focused / Main skill| Reading | Integrated skills| Listening, speaking, writing and language arts | Curriculum Specification| 1. 1. 3 Able to listen to, say aloud and recite rhymes, tongue twisters and sing songs paying attention to pronunciation, rhythm and intonation. 1. 1. 4 Able to talk about a stimulus with guidance. 2. 2. 2 Able to read and understand phrases and sentences in linear and non – linear texts. | General objective| To expose students with different types of animals and have an interesting lesson using a poem. | Specific Objectives| By the end of the lesson, students should be able to : 1. Listen and enjoy the song and take part in an oral activity with 100 % accuracy in pronunciation. 2. Understand the poem and be able to complete a task with 100 % accuracy. | CCTS| None| Grammar| Verbs ( Trick , Waddle , Chewing , Swing )| Vocabulary| Muddy Pen, Cage, Feed, Rope. | Teaching aids| 1. Video Clips ( 1 song and 1 video clip on Madagascar ) 2. Speakers 3. Computer 4. White Board 5. A big picture of a Zoo scenario 6. Task sheet 1 | Moral values| Love the animals. | Previous knowledge | Students are exposed to different kinds of animals that can be found in the mother earth. | Stage / Time| Content| Teaching Learning activities| Remarks / Rationale| Set induction( +- 5 minutes ) | Sing A song Entitled â€Å" Going To The Zoo Tomorrow â€Å"| 1. Teacher enters the classroom and captures the students’ attention by asking them few question. Ex : How are you feeling today? * Are you ready to learn today? * Can you name some animals that you are familiar with. 2. After that, the teacher plays a video clip on â€Å" Going To The Zoo Tomorrow† ( Refer to appendix 1 ) and gets the students to sing along. 3. Once the song has been sung, the teacher asks the students whether they enjoy the song and why they enjoy the song and then proceeds to the next stage of the lesson. | Rationale The rationale for having a two way interaction during a set induction is to ensure that the students are ready physically and mentally. Having a two way communication will give a room for the students to speak out about themselves and motivates them to learn lessons that has been designed for them for that particular day. Adding to that, having a song in the set induction is a great way to ignite the interest among the students. | Pre stage ( +- 10 minutes ) | A Zoo Scenario | 1. The teacher paste a big picture of a scenario at a Zoo ( Refer to appendix 2 ) on the whiteboard. 2. Teacher will have to get the students to talk about the stimulus given. 3. Teacher should ask few questions as follows 🙠 a ) What can you see in the picture? ( b ) Name the animals in the picture. ( c ) Do you like these animals? ( d ) which animal would u like to keep as a pet ? Why? 4. Teacher observes the students’ participation in the classroom. | | While stage ( +- 20 minutes )| Reading comprehension Muddy Pen, Cage, Trick, Waddle, Chewing, Swing| 1. Teacher gets the students to settle down and distributes a reading text which is a poem entitled â€Å" A Trip To The Zoo† ( Refer to Appendix 3 ) 2. Teacher reads the poem and the students repeat after her/ him. 3. Teacher stops and explains the meanings of several difficult words which are the new grammar and vocabulary that the students might encounter in the poem. 4. Teacher ask the students to write down the meanings of the words by the side of the poem. 5. Once the poem has been read, teacher ask few WH- question to the students. ( a ) Do you understand the poem? ( b ) Who wrote this poem? ( c ) How many animals are mentioned in the poem ? ( d ) What is the meaning of waddle? ( e ) Which animal has a long neck and can reach very far ? ( f ) Which animal is so colourful and beautiful ? ( g ) what are the characteristics of these animals ? | Rationale -This is to ensure that the students have comprehend and understand the poem very well. | Post stage ( +- 20 Minutes )| Individual self assessment | 1. Teacher distributes task sheet 1 ( Refer to Appendix 4 ) to each students. 2. Once the teacher is done with the distribution, she / he will have to give a clear instruction on what has to be done by the students. 3. Teacher walk around the classroom to monitor the students and guide them if they could not accomplish the task given. 4. After 15 minutes, teacher checks the answer together with the students. 5. Teacher point out certain student to read the question and the answer. 6. Students whom manage to get all correct answers will be rewarded with handclaps. | RemarksTask sheet will be distributed together with a sheet of paper contains pictures of different animals ( Refer to appendix 5 ) | Closure( +- 5 Minutes ) | Let’s watch a cartoon | 1. Teacher asks the students whether they are ready to watch a cartoon. 2. Teacher puts up the cartoon / video clip on Madagascar. ( Refer to appendix 6 ). 3. Once the cartoon has end, teacher recalls the animals that they have learned for that day. Ex : what are the animals that you saw in the cartoon ? * Do you want to go to a Zoo and watch these animals in the future, during the holidays perhaps. 4. Teacher ends the lesson by instilling moral values among the students. Ex :- You should always show some care and love towards the animals. | Rationale The rationale of having the students to sing the song again is to end the lesson for that day in a more interesting way rather than ending the lesson with tons of homework. | Appendix 1 Video clip Title: We Are Going To The Zoo Tomorrow Appendix 2 Picture of Scenario at the Zoo Appendix 4 Paste the correct picture of animal in the space provided and write the name of the animal below the picture. 1. Huge animal in the world. It has a long trunk and it does tricks at the zoo. Which animal is this ? | | 2. Its feathers are so colorful and has a long neck. It walks slowly and beautifully. | | 3. This animal is so old and sleeps in a very muddy pen. They are so smelly. | | 4. He is the king of the jungle. He loves to eat meat. He sits on some big rocks in his cage. Who is this ? | | 5. It is the tallest animal in the world. It comes over and eats the food from our hand and has a long neck that he can reach far. | | 6. These animals waddle around in their cold spot. They are black in colour. | | 7. It do not have legs like other animals. It makes ‘’hiss’’ sound and they are poisonous. | | 8. These animal swings in a rope and it swings way over the small ponds. | | Appendix 5 Pictures of animals that need to be pasted in task sheet 1. | | | | | | | | Appendix 6 Video Clip on a cartoon â€Å"Madagascar† Appendix 3 Poem entitled â€Å" A Trip To The Zoo† A TRIP TO THE ZOO Author: Deenadevy IT IS SUCH A BEAUTIFUL DAY WE WANT TO GO TO THE ZOO, PACK A PICNIC LUNCH GRAB A HAT SEE LOTS OF ANIMALS BIRDS TOO. WE WILL STOP AND VISIT THE ELEPHANT WATCH THEM DO A TRICK OR TWO, WALK PAST THE ZEBRAS. THERE STANDS FOUR SEE THE PEACOCK FEATHERS SO BLUE. THERE LIES TWO OLD HIPPOPOTAMUS SLEEPING IN A VERY MUDDY PEN, WE SEE THE LION SITTING ON SOME ROCKS IN HIS CAGE I HAVE NEVER BEEN. WE GET TO FEED THE GIRAFFE HE COMES OVER AND EATS FROM OUR HAND, WITH HIS LONG NECK HE CAN REACH VERY FAR ON HIS TONGUE MY FINGERS OFTEN LAND. WE SEE LOTS OF SNAKES, TURTLES AND SPIDERS WE VISIT THE PENGUINS IN THEIR COLD SPOT, IT IS FUN TO WATCH THEM WADDLE AROUND FLY TO THE OUTSIDE, THEY CAN NOT. WE PAST BY THE CAMELS CHEWING SOME FEED SEE MONKEYS SWINGING ON A ROPE, THEY SWING WAY OVER THE SMALL POND INTO THE WATER, THEY NEVER FALL-I HOPE.

Incentive Schemes for Employees

Incentive Schemes for Employees In this situation, the management should taking effective measures in organization towards there goals of the business. The management can apply following points to overcome this situation in order to increase productivity and low absenteeism. The following points are given below:- The benefits should replaced by INCENTIVES- In this situation, the management should introduce a quota system or perhaps the production pay in which workers are rewarded by meeting quota or paid more for superior production. The incentive should provide with monetary as well as non-monetary benefits like bonus, profit-sharing, status, job security etc.The incentives plan encourages employees to perform additional tasks for this compensation, in addition to their normal workload. An incentives plan costs the employers additional money but well designed plan will provide greater return by increasing productivity and lowering other costs. INCENTIVES should be linked with PRODUCTIVITY of the employees. The management should launch a performance based plan to enhance the productivity. They introduced performance linked incentive and Halsey premium plan to increase the productivity efficiently. A Performance Linked Incentive is a form of payment from an EMPLOYER to an EMPLOYEE, which is directly related to the performance output of an employee and which may be specified in an employment contact. PERFORMANCE LINKED INCENTIVE may either be open ended (does not have a fixed ceiling) or close ended (has an upper ceiling which is normally stipulated in the employment contract) Open ended incentives are normally applicable revenue generating activities (e.g., Sales) and Close ended incentives are associated to support functions (e.g., Operation, Human Resources, etc.). Method of calculating PERFORMANCE LINKED INCENTIVE:- PLI, by virtue of being sanctified in the employment contract, is paid for objective, measurable and visible results. MBO is the generally used to define the output which determines the payment of Performance linked incentive. Since Performance linked incentive is paid for the results and not merely for the efforts, the objects should be chosen to reflect those activities whose results are visible immediately after the effort. Also, in calculating performance linked incentive, only the performance and not the potential of the employee should be considered. Potential of the employee is normally subjective and can be contested. Performance linked incentive should be based on metrics which are absolutely objective and clearly perceived as fair by both employee and employer. Halsey premium plan This plan is a combination of time and speed while they are working.- That every worker is paid according to hourly rate.- Every worker is paid according to the time he hason the work.- Every worker is given that he has to finish the allotted work within the standard time. If he is able to save the time, he will be paid a bonus for the time he has saved. The amount of bonus is 50 percent of time saved. Total Earnings = Time Taken * Hourly Rate + (Standard Time Time Taken) * Hourly Rate * 50 percent Advantages of these incentives plans: Higher wages for worker and higher profits for the firm. Focus subordinate efforts Variable costs linked to results Reward those who will perform well. EXAMPLE Productivity incentive scheme for TEA PLUCKERS IN Tamil Nadu. till 1980s workers were paid a fixed rate and small incentive for extra plucking of leaves This was a constant amount/kg of tea but in due course, the system was reined by having two incentive slabs After several rounds of negotiations, an agreement was reached in 1990 Result:- There was a 36 percentage improvement in the plucking average. 2. The benefits to puckers during the five year period had gone up by 25 percentages. Salary/wage structures should be re-worked out The management should pay according to the industrial policy norms so that employees feel that they are being adequately paid. The management provided salary/wages to them keeping in mind that the minimum wages/salary act and all other act should be follow before fixation of salary/wages structure. The management is also set an appraisal time to time to increase the wage/salary structure so that they can get a completive salary/wages as compared to other industries. For this, the management should follow five steps to determine the salary/wages. This are- Review your own pay practices. Define the job Track the completion Set the salary range Bundle pay and parks. Advantage of fair and true fixation of salary/wages by management- Increase motivation among employers. Increase productivity. Achieving the target. There is employees stability. Reduce wastage of manpower planning. HR Personnel Should Be Re-Shuffled The problem of low productivity and higher absenteeism showing there is Lax HR personnel. So the HR personnel may reshuffled and to promote the culture of hard work to there employees. They can set there rigid rules to there employers in order to avoid the given problems. The management should adopt the right HR practice to increase productivity. The top ten HR practices which should follow in every firm. This are- Safe, Healthy and happy work place Creating a safe, healthy and happy workplace will ensure that the employees feel homely and stay with the organization for a very long time. Capture their pulse through employee surveys. Open book management style Sharing information about contracts, sales, new clients, management objectives, company policies, employee personal data etc. ensures that the employees are as enthusiastic about the business as the management. Through this open book process you can gradually create a culture of participative management and ignite the creative endeavor of your work force It involves making people an interested party to your strategic decisions, thus aligning them to your business objectives. Be as open as you can. It helps in building trust motivates employees. Employee self service portal, Manager on-line etc. are the tools available today to the management to practice this style. Performance linked bonus Paying out bonuses or having any kind of variable compensation plan can be both an incentive and disillusionment, based on how it is administered and communicated. Bonus must be designed in such a way that people understand that there is no payout unless the company hits a certain level of profitability. Additional criteria could be the teams success and the individuals performance. Never pay out bonus without measuring performance, unless it is a statutory obligation. 360 degree performance management feedback programmed This system, which solicits feedback from seniors (including the boss), peers and subordinates, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback. Gone are the days of working hard to impress only one person, now the opinions of all matter, especially if you are in a leadership role (at any level). Every person in the team is responsible for giving relevant, positive and constructive feedback. Such systems also help in identifying leaders for higher level positions in the organization. Senior managers could use this feed back for self development Fair evaluation system for employees Develop an evaluation system that clearly links individual performance to corporate business goals and priorities. Each employee should have well defined reporting relationships. Self rating as a part of evaluation process empowers employees. Evaluation becomes fairer if it is based on the records of periodic counseling achievements of the employee, tracked over the year. For higher objectivity, besides the immediate boss, each employee should be screened by the next higher level (often called a Reviewer). Cross functional feedback, if obtained by the immediate boss from another manager (for whom this employees work is also important), will add to the fairness of the system. Relative ratings of all subordinates reporting to the same manager are another tool for fairness of evaluation. Normalization of evaluation is yet another dimension of improving fairness. Knowledge sharing Adopt a systematic approach to ensure that knowledge management supports strategy. Store knowledge in databases to provide greater access to information posted either by the company or the employees on the knowledge portals of the company. When an employee returns after attending any competencies or skills development program, sharing essential knowledge with others could be made mandatory. Innovative ideas (implemented at the work place) are good to be posted on these knowledge sharing platforms. However, what to store how to maintain a Knowledge base requires deep thinking to avoid clutter. Highlight performers Create profiles of top performers and make these visible though company intranet, display boards etc. It will encourage others to put in their best, thereby creating a competitive environment within the company. If a systems approach is followed to shortlist high performers, you can surely avoid disgruntlements. Open house discussions and feedback mechanism Ideas rule the world. Great organizations recognize, nurture and execute great ideas. Employees are the biggest source of ideas. The only thing that can stop great ideas flooding your organization is the lack of an appropriate mechanism to capture ideas. Open house discussions, employee-management meets, suggestion boxes and ideas capture tools such as Critical Incidents diaries are the building blocks that can help the Managers to identify develop talent. Reward ceremonies Merely recognizing talent does not work, you need to couple it with ceremonies where recognition is broadcast. Looking at the Dollar Check is often less significant than listening to the thunderous applause by colleagues in a public forum. Delight employees with the unexpected The last but not least way is to occasionally delight your employees with unexpected things that may come in the form of a reward, a gift or a well-done certificate. Reward not only the top performers but also a few others who are in need of motivation to exhibit their potential 4) If Absenteeism is due to lack of interest by the employees in the job, because they do not see career advancement in the company. The management should started career counseling sessions to generate interest in the job among the employees. 5) Leave encashment may be encouraged:- Leave encashment refers to that amount payable for the employees leave period, depending upon the leaves to his credit and his salary at the time of termination of employment or at the time of encasing his leaves. The encashment can be calculated as:- Basic +DA (BASIC+DA/26)*NO. OF DAYS) 6. A suitable (encouraging competition) promotion policy should be introduced, if not already existing A set of rules guidelines set forth by a firm or organization that outlines how employees are to interact with potential customers in the promotion of a good or service. The promotion policy helps the company keep control of the message it is sending about the good or service, as well as to dictate appropriate actions that employees can take when dealing with outside personnel. For example, a pharmaceutical company could have a promotion policy that its field representatives must adhere to when they meet with doctors to promote a drug. The firm can adopt various types of promotional activity to increase there productivity. There are a numerous ways to promote there goods and service. Sometime in big organization may adopt a various types of sales strategies to increase there goods and service. These are:- Contests Contests are a frequently used promotional strategy. Many contests dont even require a purchase. The idea is to promote your brand and put your logo and name in front of the public rather than make money through a hard-sell campaign. People like to win prizes. Sponsoring contests can bring attention to your product without company overtones. Social Media Social media websites such as Face book and Google+ offer companies a way to promote products and services in a more relaxed environment. This is direct marketing at its best. Social networks connect with a world of potential customers that can view your company from a different perspective. Rather than seeing your company as trying to sell something, the social network can see a company that is in touch with people on a more personal level. This can help lessen the divide between the company and the buyer, which in turn presents a more appealing and familiar image of the company. Mail Order Marketing Customers who come into your business are not to be overlooked. These customers have already decided to purchase your product. What can be helpful is getting personal information from these customers. Offer a free product or service in exchange for the information. These are customers who are already familiar with your company and represent the target audience you want to market your new products to. Product Giveaways Product giveaways and allowing potential customers to sample a product are methods used often by companies to introduce new food and household products. Many of these companies sponsor in-store promotions, giving away product samples to entice the buying public into trying new products. Point-of-Sale Promotion and End-Cap Marketing Point-of-sale and end-cap marketing are ways of selling product and promoting items in stores. The idea behind this promotional strategy is convenience and impulse. The end cap, which sits at the end of aisles in grocery stores, features products a store wants to promote or move quickly. This product is positioned so it is easily accessible to the customer. Point-of-sale is a way to promote new products or products a store needs to move. These items are placed near the checkout in the store and are often purchased by consumers on impulse as they wait to be checked out. Customer Referral Incentive Program The customer referral incentive program is a way to encourage current customers to refer new customers to your store. Free products, big discounts and cash rewards are some of the incentives you can use. This is a promotional strategy that leverages your customer base as a sales force. Causes and Charity Promoting your products while supporting a cause can be an effective promotional strategy. Giving customers a sense of being a part of something larger simply by using products they might use anyway creates a win/win situation. You get the customers and the socially conscious image; customers get a product they can use and the sense of helping a cause. One way to do this is to give a percentage of product profit to the cause your company has committed to helping. Branded Promotional Gifts Giving away functional branded gifts can be a more effective promotional move than handing out simple business cards. Put your business card on a magnet, ink pen or key chain. These are gifts you can give your customers that they may use, which keep your business in plain sight rather than in the trash or in a drawer with other business cards the customer may not look at. Customer Appreciation Events An in-store customer appreciation event with free refreshments and door prizes will draw customers into the store. Emphasis on the appreciation part of the event, with no purchase of anything necessary, is an effective way to draw not only current customers but also potential customers through the door. Pizza, hot dogs and soda are inexpensive food items that can be used to make the event more attractive. Setting up convenient product displays before the launch of the event will ensure the products you want to promote are highly visible when the customers arrive. After-Sale Customer Surveys Contacting customers by telephone or through the mail after a sale is a promotional strategy that puts the importance of customer satisfaction first while leaving the door open for a promotional opportunity. Skilled salespeople make survey calls to customers to gather information that can later be used for marketing by asking questions relating to the way the customers feel about the products and services purchased. This serves the dual purpose of promoting your company as one that cares what the customer thinks and one that is always striving to provide the best service and product. 7) Training programmers should be started with a motivational approach:- The management should provide training for overall performance of employees in order to get work affiance. In order to grow a business, employees and managers need to be trained in motivational sales techniques. Motivational sales training teaches participants how to use different skills, approaches and techniques to motivate people to purchase the product or service being offered. Without continual training, salespeople can become dependent on one particular selling approach, which can limit their sales results. Use motivational sales training to continually challenge and sharpen employees abilities to sell. 8) TRADE UNION Trade union is an organization that consists of workers and it is formed to protect its members from those forces that could harm their interests. These forces could be the employers or management, the state or the government or any other agency identified as such. This could be, broadly speaking; a simple description of trade unions and it contains the basic idea of what trade unions are. In case there is no union, or the union is not strong enough, some employees who are top absentees or least productive may be shunted out to send a message or signal to the other employee to come to terms. The management should form the trade union on behalf of workers so that the workers should feel to the organization. They can feel free to meet there demand through union leader. If there is no trade union than workers are not meet there expectation and afterwards they De-Motivated and hence productivity will tend to decrease. Benefits of trade unions a) Increase productivity: Unions help build high-trust workplaces where workers are healthier, better skilled and more able to resolve grievances all of which lead to a more committed and productive workforce. Unions can also help maintain productivity during periods of employer innovation by providing ways of consulting with workers over change and reducing the chances of staff resistance. b) Save money. Early identification of problems in the workplace can lead to significant savings, for example by reducing the costs employers face as a result of accidents, ill health and staff turnover. Unions also have a strong record of working with employers to identify efficiencies and cost savings- both employers and employees have a shared interest in business success. c) Provide access to learning and skills: Helping members to access education and training is a key priority for unions. Research shows that union recognition has a consistently positive effect on the amount and range of training that is provided to employees.2 In turn, higher skilled employees bring productivity benefits for employers. d) Ensure workplaces are safe:-. Union representatives help to lower accident rates at work by ensuring safe working practices and reducing stress-related ill health caused by, for example, working long hours, being bullied or working in poor quality environments. Evidence shows that unionized workplaces are safer workplaces1 which has the added benefit for employers of significantly reducing the costs of ill health and accidents. To lower accident rates at work of significantly reducing the costs of ill health and accidents. to lower accident rates at work by ensuring safe working practices and reducing stress-related ill health caused by, for example, working long hours, being bullied or working in poor quality environments. Evidence shows that unionized workplaces are safer workplaces1 which has the added benefit for employers of significantly reducing the costs of ill health and accidents. 9) Social security provide by management:- The national commission of labor(2002) opines that in the Indian context, social security may be defined a all types of measures consisting of preventive, promotional or protective depending on whether they are designed to:Â   prevent deprivation(preventive measure) assure everyone of basic minimum income which would be adequate for meeting the basic needs of oneself ones family or dependants( promotional measures) protect income against loss or diminution due to the occurrence of any contingency including sickness(protective measure) The management should provide all social security to there employers such as:- social assistance social insurance major acts to serve better to the interest of workers like- 1) Employees state insurance act, 1948. 2) Maternity benefits act (1961) 3) Employees provident funds act, 1952 4) The payment of gratuity act, 1971

Free College Admissions Essays: I Am Very Smart :: College Admissions Essays

I Am Smart and Jewish (Is that Redundant?) Â   As my application shows, I am an above average student in most areas. I have particularly excelled in mathematics, earning good grades throughout high school. When pondering about my future, I thought that I might be able to use math to be successful in business. So after my sophomore year, I decided to take some business courses with the goal of attaining a solid background in the field. High school, however, has not adequately prepared me to enter the world of business. This is the primary reason I am applying to the University of Connecticut: I hope to further expand my education in the field of business. Â   Outside of school, I have a wide variety of other interests. One of my favorite things to do is to play sports, especially baseball and basketball. Since I was about seven years old, I have played in many baseball and basketball leagues. While I join an intramural baseball league every spring, I play competitive basketball year-round. I play these sports not just to enjoy myself, but also to learn how to be a better leader. My leadership in basketball was formally acknowledged last year, as I received the sportsmanship award. This award meant a lot to me, especially since my team won the league championship that year. Not only did it show that everyone on the team recognized me for my leadership, but also it made me feel good knowing that I had helped lead a team to a championship trophy. This was my third year being on a championship basketball team, and I have also been on championship baseball teams, but winning the sportsmanship award was an added bonus. Â   Beyond my competitive sports, I have been skiing and playing golf recreationally since I was about eight years old. Every summer I take golf lessons to improve my abilities on the golf course. I also took ski lessons every winter for about five years until I felt I was skilled enough to compete on my own. During my sophomore year in high school, I went out for the high school ski team. I did pretty well during the season, although I might have done better had I taken a few more lessons earlier in my life. Unfortunately, that was my only year skiing for the team.

Catapult :: essays research papers

The Ratapult Objective: My objective in this project was to produce a rat-trap powered catapult. It has a base of 30 cm by 30 cm, and has a theme of cows trying to escape the farm. The reason they want to escape is because they are being killed and turned into steaks, against there will. That is why I developed this ratapult, to save the cows. The cows also wanted me to ask you to eat more chicken. Hypothesis and Drawing: I hypothesize that if I build the ratapult to a 25-degree angle, and release the hacky sack at a height of .55m then there will be enough velocity to project the hacky sack exactly four meters. The ratapult will release the hacky sack with an initial velocity of 5.8 m/s, and as a result the hacky sack will travel 4.0 meters in .75 seconds. Procedure: The first step I took was to paint all of the wood white. After that I put wallpaper on the board that I am going to nail the rat trap to. I then attached the measuring cup to the rat trap by drilling a hole in the middle of the measuring cup and then using string to attach the cup at both the drilled hole, and the hole at the bottom. Then I nailed the rat trap into the board with wallpaper. That board was then nailed into the base. Then I attached the â€Å"steps† to the milk crate. The steps will hold the base of the ratapult at a 25-degree angle. I attached the â€Å"steps† by drilling holes in the bottom of them and then tying them to the milk crate. Then I nailed the board with wallpaper into the back end of the base. The base was then nailed into the â€Å"steps†, and glued grass decorations and cardboard cows to the base. The ratapult was completed. Data & Observations: I found the initial velocity, or Vi, by finding the horizontal velocity, or Vx, and then using the equation Vx = Vi * cos(angle). The angle was 25 degrees, so I input that into the equation also. That made the equation look like 5.3 m/s = Vi * cos(25) I divided both sides by sin(25), then that gave me an initial velocity of 5.8 m/s. Then I decided to find the Vertical height of the hacky sack, so I used the equation Vy = Vi * sin(angle). Vy stands for initial vertical velocity.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Annotated

The MLA database returned 168 bibliographic entries containing the subject heading ‘Their Eyes Were Watching God. ’ In choosing which entries to include in this annotated bibliography, my objective was to represent as many interpretive approaches to the text as possible in order to illustrate the exponential expansion in the scope of Hurston studies in recent years.Also, because of the condensed time frame of this class, I only reviewed items that are available to UAH students on campus or online, although this criterion excluded several significant critical responses to the novel. Unless otherwise noted, the full texts of all of the articles listed here can be retrieved via EBSCOhost. Ashe, Bertram D. â€Å"’Why Don't He Like My Hair? ’: Constructing African-American Standards of Beauty in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon And Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 29. (Winter 1995): 579-93. Because of the strong social pressure to conform to predefined notions of conventional (read European) beauty that the dominant culture exerts on all American women, Black women have historically been judged as attractive or unattractive according to the degree to which their facial features, hair, and skin color conform to European norms. In Their Eyes, although Hurston describes Janie as having light skin and long hair, Janie does not isolate herself from dark-skinned African Americans.Janie’s hair is linked to her self-esteem and her engagement in the community, and as such, it becomes the battleground of her struggles with Joe Starks. Janie’s choice of hairstyle after Starks’ death (â€Å"one thick braid swinging well below her waist†) can be interpreted as a phallic image that metaphorically refers to her newfound power and self-determination. Brogan, Jacqueline Vaught. â€Å"The Hurston/Walker/Vaughn Connection: Feminist Strategies in American Fiction. † Women's S tudies 28. 2 (1999): 185-201.In positing an interpretive framework for Elizabeth Vaughn’s 1990 novel, Many Things Have Happened Since He Died, Brogan discusses the relationship between Walker’s The Color Purple and Hurston’s Their Eyes. She notes that both novels have been criticized for failing as realistic fiction, both can be interpreted as romances in the vein of Shakespeare’s The Tempest and The Winter’s Tale, and both deal thematically with the ‘awakening’ of an abused female. Curren, Erik D. â€Å"Should Their Eyes Have Been Watching God? : Hurston's Use of Religious Experience and Gothic Horror. † African American Review 29. (Spring 1995): 17-26. Critics have not sufficiently accounted for the complexity of Their Eyes, and many analyses have followed Alice Walker’s contention that Janie is a depiction of â€Å"racial health. † A less biased reading of the text reveals much tragedy and horror that few critic al interpretations have addressed. The novel’s title refers to the incipient slave mentality of African Americans, demonstrated by the field hands’ reversion to enslaved patterns of behavior in the face of the hurricane. Paralleling the figurative system of Hurston’s Mules and Men, God is likened to a slavemaster in the Their Eyes.Hurston subverts gothic conventions in the service of affirming the importance of folklore. Davis, Rose Parkman. Zora Neale Hurston: An Annotated Bibliography and Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1997. This volume presents an excellently balanced and exhaustive compilation of Hurston scholarship through 1996. (Available in UAH Library Reference section; no circulation) Donlon, Jocelyn Hazelwood. â€Å"Porches: Stories: Power: Spatial and Racial Intersections in Faulkner and Hurston. † Journal of American Culture 19. 4 (Winter 1996): 95-111.The porch serves as the point of intersection for â€Å"spatial, social, and r acial† in Southern culture and literature, as exemplified by Hurtson’s Their Eyes and Faulkner’s Absalom! Absalom!. In Their Eyes, porches are equated with the formation of a community voice. Janie’s involuntary exile from the front porch of Starks’ store reflects her alienation from the community and her ensuing loneliness. Starks’ porches also function as a stage on which Janie is displayed. Janie’s life experiences ultimately transform porches from â€Å"dominating ‘places’ to authentic community ‘spaces. † duCille, Ann. â€Å"Stoning the Romance: Passion, Patriarchy, and the Modern Marriage Plot. † The Coupling Convention: Sex, Text and Tradition in Black Women’s Fiction. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. 110-142. This chapter discusses the treatment of marriage in Their Eyes and several other modernist texts by African American women writers. Although many interpretations of the novel agree that Th eir Eyes is largely focused on the issues of love, sex, and marriage, no critical consensus has been achieved as to Hurston’s feelings on these topics.Janie’s epiphanic orgasm under the pear tree is likened to the biblical creation story, with Janie’s act of kissing â€Å"shiftless† Johnny Taylor equated with original sin. Feminist readings of the text that view Their Eyes as a woman’s quest for and achievement of selfhood are problematic because both Janie and the narrator manifest their continued domination by â€Å"patriarchal ideology and romantic mythology† throughout the narrative. (Available in UAH library) Hattenhauer, Darryl. â€Å"Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Explicator 50. 2 (Winter 1992): 111-3.Recent criticism of Their Eyes fails to consider the notion that Janie may be dying of rabies at the end of the novel, which is bolstered by the foreshadowing of her death that occurs throughout the text. Tea Cake bites Janie before he dies, and she seems not to have sought the treatment that eluded Tea Cake. Further, Janie’s shooting of Tea Cake cannot rightfully be termed self-defense in the legal term, since she could have escaped Tea Cake by running away. The imperfect, white-dominated judicial system is partially culpable for failing to recognize this. Haurykiewicz, Julie A. From Mules to Muliebrity: Speech and Silence in Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Southern Literary Journal 29. 2 (Spring 1997): 45-61. Hurston employs the recurrent mule theme in Their Eyes as a means of commenting â€Å"on the disparity between speech and silence in the life of Janie† and her emotional development. The process that occurs in the text is not that of moving from dependence to autonomy, as so many critics have asserted, but rather, a metamorphosis from mule to muliebrity (â€Å"’the state or condition of being a woman’ or possessing full womanly powers†).Significant t raits of mules that figure symbolically in Their Eyes are mules’ mixed parentage and resultant reproductive sterility, mules’ historical role as beasts of burden, and the stubbornness and unpredictability that often characterize mules’ disposition. Hurston depicts mules as subversive trickster figures in Mules and Men, and this association can be extended into Their Eyes. The lack of mule imagery in the second half of the book is simultaneous with Janie’s burgeoning ability to express herself in the community. Hubbard, Dolan. ’. . . Ah Said Ah'd Save De Text for You’: Recontextualizing the Sermon to Tell (Her)story in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 27. 2 (Summer 1993): 167-79. Janie uses techniques of religion-based oral expression to tell her story and valorize extant black culture, a position that was rare among other African American writers in the 1930s. Nanny’s statement to Janie about her own unfulfilled desire to preach is the impetus behind Janie’s narrative. Pheoby undergoes a ‘religious’ transformation in he end of the narrative, and she can be interpreted as Janie’s disciple. Johnson, Maria. â€Å"’The World in a Jug and the Stopper in [Her] Hand’: Their Eyes as Blues Performance. † African American Review 32. 3 (Fall 1998): 401-15. The aesthetic principles of blues shape Janie’s transformation in Their Eyes. Both thematically and structurally, the novel is similar to the songs that African American women like Bessie Smith popularized in the 1920s and 1930s. Blues songs of this era often used bee imagery to connote sexual intimacy and mule imagery to oppression.All of Janie’s love relationships function merely as the vehicle through which she attains selfhood; the men themselves are dispensable. Even Tea Cake can be seen as simply â€Å"a stanza in the blues song which Janie Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsings’ to Pheoby. † King, Sigrid. â€Å"Naming and Power in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Black American Literature Forum 24. 4 (Winter 1990): 683-97. The relationship between naming and power in African American culture and literature is clearly expressed in Their Eyes. Throughout Janie’s life, her voice and development of selfhood have been circumscribed by the names that others have imposed upon her.In the text, naming by others can usually be interpreted as exertion of power and domination. Janie’s transition to autonomy is paralleled by her willingness to rename herself and things around her. Unlike the â€Å"limiting and destructive† naming that characterized her previous relationships, the positive nature of her union with Tea Cake is expressed by their playful and positive use of language together. After Tea Cake’s death, Janie freely renames people and things in her environment, suggesting her fr eedom from the power-based system of naming that had silenced her.Kodat, Catherine Gunther. â€Å"Biting the Hand that Writes You: Southern African-American Folk Narrative and the Place of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Haunted Bodies: Gender and Southern Texts. Eds. Anne Goodwyn Jones and Susan V. Donaldson. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1997. 319-42. The fact that Janie kills Tea Cake in Their Eyes has not received enough critical attention. Tea Cake’s bite can be interpreted as a manifestation of the tension between the quest for proto-feminist autonomy and the Southern black folk tradition Hurston uses as her mode of exposition in the text.The feminist political agenda has led to widespread resistance to the textual lack of support for characterizing Tea Cake’s and Janie’s union as ideal. Although Janie does gain an authentic voice at the end of the narrative, the inference that she had to trade her life for it problematizes the received interpretive matrix that figures the text as a successful quest for self. (Available in UAH Library) Lowe, John. â€Å"Laughin’ Up a World: Their Eyes Were Watching God and the (Wo)Man of Words. † Jump at the Sun:Zora Neale Hurston’s Cosmic Comedy.Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1994. 156-204. Janie is associated with Janus throughhout Their Eyes, both by being described as figuratively two-headed, looking backward and forward simultaneously, and being symbolically linked to liminal realms such as doors and thresholds. Through folk-based humor, Janie â€Å"magically transforms this communal energy into something constructive and uniting—her story. † As in many ethnic literatures, humor plays the role of â€Å"expand[ing] language† when ordinary methods of discourse are not sufficient to express the complexities of a situation. Available in UAH library) McGowan, Todd. â€Å"Liberation and Domination: Their Eyes Were Watching God and the Evolution of Capitalism. † MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999): 109-29. One element that accounts for the recent critical success of Their Eyes, which was met with mixed reviews by its contemporary critics, is the nascent poststructuralism of the text, most strongly evidenced in the emphasis on play and the decentering of binary systems of thought and language that parallel Janie’s transition to autonomous selfhood.However, recent poststructuralist readings of the novel have not taken into account the full import of Janie’s less-than-ideal relationship with Tea Cake, as well as his death at her hands. These elements of the novel equate liberation with submission, which can be likened to the type of heightened subjectivity that is a hallmark of capitalist society. Ultimately, Janie attains and then quashes her momentary realization that â€Å"in order to achieve freedom one must destroy that which refuses loss. † Racine, Maria J. Voice and Interiority in Zora Neale Hurston's T heir Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 28. 2 (Summer 1994): 283-93. Hurston’s use of free indirect discourse allows her to render fully the internal thought processes of those characters who have not yet achieved an external speaking voice, most notably, Janie. In a narrative that is focused thematically on the achievement of selfhood as emblematized by voice, this is a necessary narrative strategy. Rather than undermining Janie’s incipient voice, as Stepto and others have famously ontended, Janie’s strategic silence at her trial is a manifestation of the fusion of the voices of Janie and the narrator, heretofore distinct. Janie has assimilated the wisdom and insight of the narrator’s voice and she can now access it as she chooses. Sheppard, David M. â€Å"Living by Comparisons: Janie and her Discontents. † English Language Notes 30. 2 (December 1992): 63-76. A psychoanalytic reading of Their Eyes reveals the ‘Godâ€℠¢ of the book’s title to be a manifestation of a classic Freudian father figure.Hurston’s education during the years in which Freudianpsychoanalytic theory first became widely disseminated in the academy virtually assures her exposure to its tenets. Killicks, Starks, and Tea Cake are all manifestations of the controlling father figure conflated in the text with God. By opposition, Janie is forced into a suspended childhood that precludes her emotional development. Trombold, John. â€Å"The Minstrel Show Goes to the Great War: Zora Neale Hurston's Mass Cultural Other. † MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999): 85-108.Their Eyes can be read as emphasizing the importance of folk culture and oral tradition to the sustainment of Black culture, almost to the exclusion of all other factors. In later writings, she modifies this view to recenter Black oral tradition as the cultural heritage of the nation as a whole, as evidenced by her inclusion of white characters in her last publish ed novel. Walker, Alice. â€Å"Looking for Zora. † In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens: Womanist Prose. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. 93-116.

Uphill: Question and End

Angela Wigger Rosebrough English Comp II October 5, 2012 Explication Essay â€Å"Uphill† written by Christina Rossetti, this poem is explaining life as a journey and life’s unavoidable death. This poem tells the reader that no matter what we face in life there is going to be hard times that we must endure. Life’s road will never be easy and no matter how we choose to live our life, death is the ultimate price we must pay. We must try to live life the best we know how so that in the end we will find comfort in our resting place. Rossetti sets the tone of this poem as conversational.A question is asked by her and someone then answers her. This pattern is used throughout the entire poem. Four stanzas are used, two questions are asked and two answers are given. The rhythm of this poem gives the reader the feel as if they were climbing â€Å"uphill†. The rhythm used is ABAB. The meter used in this poem gives the reader a feeling of pacing steps as if they were climbing. There is an alternating pattern of five stresses per line (pentameter) then three stresses per line (trimester). â€Å"Uphill† starts by asking a question â€Å"Does the road wind uphill all the way? Rossetti is simply asking if life’s journey is uphill. Then in the second line someone answers her back saying, â€Å"Yes, to the very end. † This gives the reader a feeling of sadness, thinking that life will be a long journey with many challenges ahead. In line three and four there is another question with an answer. â€Å"Will the journey take the whole day long? †(3)/ â€Å"From morn to night, my friend. †(4) The words in these four lines continue to give the reader a feeling of uneasiness. They are telling the reader that life is difficult and will be long.As we come to the second stanza Rossetti begins to ask questions about the challenges that may be faced as the journey is travelled. In line five â€Å"But is there for a night a res ting place? † Then in line six is answered â€Å"A roof for when the slow dark hours begin. † In line five Rossetti is asking if there will be place to rest at the end of her journey of life. The response is yes there will be a roof where you will find a sort of peace. In line seven Rossetti is asking how she will be able to find this place, â€Å"May not the darkness hide it from my face? † The author is hoping she will find this place.The answer in line eight reassures her that she will find the place, â€Å"You cannot miss that inn. † By the end of line eight the reader can assume that there is an end to the journey, some place, somewhere the reader believes in when the end of life comes. As the reader continues to read lines nine and ten, we see that the author is asking questions about ones who have travelled this long road before. The question asked is, â€Å"Shall I meet other wayfarers at night? † Is then answered with, â€Å"Those who have gone before. † This answer tells her that the ones who have travelled this road will be there waiting in the end.As we read line eleven the question is returned back to the subject of the â€Å"inn†. â€Å"Then must I knock, or call when just in sight? † Again this question makes the reader think about the end of the journey. â€Å"They will not keep you standing at that door. † The answer lets her know that the travelers that have past will not leave her there, they will take her in. In the fourth stanza the reader sees the true question being asked. The author finally asks the main question, â€Å"Shall I find comfort, travel-sore and weak? † This question is asked to find out if in the end she is going to end up where she should be.She wants to know if this place is going to be comfortable for her or if she will even like it there. Line fourteen gives her the answer, â€Å"Of labor you shall find the sum. † This answer is telling her that depending on the way she lives her life is going to determine how comfortable she will be. The last lines of the poem the author is trying to bring back her original question of comfort by asking, â€Å"Will there be beds for me and all who seek? † The answer she receives is, simply, †Yea, beds for all who come. † As the reader comes to the end of this poem, we wonder, who is answering these questions.Is it someone who has travelled this road before? Rossetti left this question for the reader to answer for themselves. Whatever entity we choose it to be. Whether it be God, or Jesus, or whatever the reader believes in. Rossetti writes this poem with very simple rhythm and conversation. This is her view of life’s journey, with all the challenges we face, in the end hopefully peace and comfort will be found. UPHILL by: Christina Rossetti (1830-1894) Does the road wind up-hill all the way? Yes, to the very end. Will the day's journey take the whole long day? Fr om morn to night, my friend. But is there for the night a resting-place?A roof for when the slow dark hours begin. May not the darkness hide it from my face? You cannot miss that inn. Shall I meet other wayfarers at night? Those who have gone before. Then must I knock, or call when just in sight? They will not keep you standing at that door. Shall I find comfort, travel-sore and weak? Of labor you shall find the sum. Will there be beds for me and all who seek? Yea, beds for all who come. Work Cited Kennedy, X. J. , and Dana Gioia. Backpack literature: an introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and writing. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2012. Print. MLA formatting by BibMe. org.

Cloud Computing Essay

Is cloud computing a new rage, just a fad, a nebulous idea or a far-reaching trend? Cloud computing has become a buzz word in working and learning environments around the globe. Newsstands and Internet pages everywhere are inundated with articles, whitepapers and websites dedicated to defining the many facets of cloud computing such as hosting a website on the cloud, building a cloud infrastructure, cloud security, vulnerabilities, capabilities, pros and cons and cost. IEEE.org (IEEE CLOUD COMPUTING) has dedicated pages on their website to reference nothing but articles of interest and white papers surrounding cloud computing. The barrage of information can be daunting. Jon Oltsik (Oltsik) eloquently discusses industries’ bewilderment with cloud computing when he writes: When discussing cloud computing, I often think of Joni Mitchell’s haunting lyrics from the song,Both Sides Now (jonimitchell.com). In Mitchell’s world, clouds can be wonderful â€Å"ice cream castles in the air† or annoying disturbances that â€Å"only block the sun.† This duality prompts Mitchell to declare, â€Å"It’s clouds illusions I recall, I really don’t know clouds at all.† Joni’s cloud confusion mirrors current industry bewilderment over cloud computing. Like many other industry initiatives, cloud computing has a number of meanings.   Finally, industry confusion is no more. A guideline has been prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST is responsible for developing standards and guidelines, for all agency operations and assets for use by Federal agencies. In the guideline entitled, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, cloud computing (Mell and Grance) is defined as follows: A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. In the guideline, NIST goes on to define the essential characteristics of cloud computing which include: On-demand self-service – where consumers access computing capabilities automatically without interaction with the cloud provider. Broad network access – where the ability to use common computing devices such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations over the network is easy and accessible. Resource pooling – the provider is able to dynamically meet the computing resource needs of the customers no matter the demand. Rapid elasticity – computing capabilities appear to be unlimited to the customer and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. Measured service – metering capabilities automatically control and optimize resource use (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Monitoring, controls, and reporting are provided for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. Microsoft offers a variety of cloud solutions for businesses and individuals. My favorite Microsoft solution is called One Drive (Microsoft), a solution to provide any user any time free online storage to share and store online pictures, video, documents in one place online. Simply create an online email account with Microsoft and through that account you can access all the tools you need to perform essential functions for work, home and play. One place for everything you need in your life. Google also offers a similar package called Google Drive (Google Drive). Google Drive’s slogan is – One safe place for all your stuff. Upload photos, videos and any documents that are important to you. Google Drive also offers free blog and wiki sites for any user, any time, any place. Use most any device with Internet access to create a place to share thoughts and ideas. Google Drive access begins just like Microsoft’s One Drive with the creation of a Google email account. Of course, one of the primary focuses is cloud computing for businesses. Hundreds upon hundreds of businesses are jumping on the band wagon to help businesses migrate from traditional networking to cloud computing. Is cloud computing here to stay? I would say, definitely, YES! Although cloud computing may not be for all businesses, it is available for both large scale and smaller businesses. I personally worked for a startup electrical business where I created cloud capabilities where technicians up and down the east coast could login remotely using a laptop or smartphone and enter time worked onto timesheets, collaborate with the home office, retrieve  technical documentation on the road and accept payment from customers on demand. Cloud computing seems to be a niche market at the moment and served well the small startup business from whom I worked. As for larger established enterprise networks, I believe they may not yet be ready to jump on the band wagon. I also worked for a lar ge corporation supporting a federal agency and they are not yet ready to migrate. It is a possibility cloud computing may be an answer in the future but as of today, the federal agency I supported, is not yet ready for cloud computing. Works Cited Google Drive. March 2014. 2 March 2014 . IEEE CLOUD COMPUTING. Cloud Computing Research Articles, Periodicals, & Technical Papers. December 2013. 28 Febraury 2014 . jonimitchell.com. Both Sides Now and The Circle Game. 21 January 1968. 2 March 2014 . Mell, Peter and Timothy Grance. The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing. September 2011. 25 February 2014 . Microsoft. One Drive. 2014. 28 February 2014 . Oltsik, Jon. Nebulous cloud computing. 17 December 2008. 28 February 2014 .